Which four sub-parts does LCP break down into?

Why this is the answer

This breakdown is what turns a bad LCP number into an action, because each part has a different fix. DNS and connection setup are real steps but they sit inside TTFB rather than beside it. Redirects and TLS negotiation are likewise folded into TTFB. Parse, style and layout are rendering-pipeline stages, far finer-grained than the LCP model.