AAll rows from the left table — right-side columns are NULL where no match exists
BAll rows from the right table — left-side columns are NULL where no match exists
COnly left-table rows that have a match — unmatched left rows are filtered out
DAll rows from both tables — every unmatched row is padded with NULLs on either side
Why this is the answer
LEFT JOIN preserves every left row; where the right table has no match, its columns come back NULL. Preserving the right side is RIGHT JOIN, keeping only matches is INNER JOIN, and preserving both sides is FULL OUTER JOIN.